ＥＸＴＲＥＭＥＳ　Ｔｈｅ　Ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　Ｈｕｍａｎ　Ｓｏｃｉａｌｉｔｙ

Humans have always faced the threat of extinction. This book takes a broad perspective of the ‘extreme’ conditions of human existence and survival to examine how extremes have forced humans to change and how such extremes have determined the nature of society.
This book is the final volume in The Evolution of Human Sociality series，a collaborative research project between primatologists and anthropologists. In seeking to understand human sociality，twenty-one authors focus on states of extremity and the ways in which they are perceived and confronted by humans and primates. The contributors consider，among other topics，the ?extremes? of urbanization and the disappearance of village societies
the ?extremes’ of climate change，the Anthropocene，and the extinction of the human species
the ?extreme’ of human birth
the ?extreme’ of the absence of mothers for infant chimpanzees
and the ‘extreme’ of radiation disaster.
On a more theoretical level，the book illustrates what happens at the moment when humans and primates choose their actions to survive under the pressure of extremes，as well as the mechanisms at the ‘tipping’ points of their action selection.

目次

Figures
Tables
Photographs
Contributors
Acknowledgments

Introduction: Existence，Environment，and Extremity: Seeking an Evolutionary Historical Basis for Human Sociality
Kaori KAWAI

Part I: Livable Extremes: Between Nature and Society
1 Momentum as an Extreme: The Sociality of Moving Groups
Kaoru ADACHI
2 At the Fringes of Society: The World Brought into Being by the Extreme of the Present
Noriko ITOH
3 The Ontology of the Extreme: Seeking an Evolutionary Basis for Human Sociality in the Systems of Inuit Subsistence and Modernity
Keiichi OMURA
4 Mortality: Ecological and Life History Interpretations of the Mortality Rate in Human Evolution
David S. SPRAGUE
5 The Anthropocene as Extreme
Yuji TAKENOSHITA

Part II: Realizable Extremes I―Existence and Social Environments
6 On the Survival of Orphaned Chimpanzees: Does a Mother’s Absence Constitute an Extreme Social Environment?
Michio NAKAMURA
7 When Newcomer Fema　ほか

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